Are you behind a firewall that does HTTPS man in the middle or something by any chance? Firefox has its own certificate store while chrome uses the one of the system, so if your system certificate-store has a compromised root ca (intended or not) it will cause chrome to belie it is a secure HTTPS connection while Firefox sees the dodgy.
Then I am pretty sure Firefox tries to protect you from the firewall, tho it usually does not even show the page put displays a huge scary red warning page.
Could you show us what is on the more information page (click the arrow pointing to the right and then click on more info).
Does google work in Firefox and who signed its certificate (also visible over the more info page)?
Well the “Validiert von” value seems to tell a lot.
You can not do much about this, as you are in a network you do not control on a machine you do not control, so you should only thrust it as much as you thrust the people running it (as well as their abilities).
If the green lock makes you feel better you can use chrome, however the university can still spy on you so the red lock seems like a healthy reminder.
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