What Trump wants is following
Premiers and presidents from countries show up in White House, say nice things about him & USA, offer big concessions , promise to buy American oil, defence equipment, other random stuff and ask for relief. He will then give them some relief. This shows everyone need to toe the line or else Tariff. Maybe they can also push these countries to convert their debt into centurion junk no coupon bonds. US knows know that countries would prefer saving their current sales and might be willing to bend the knee to do so. Few have courage to stand up. Something similar to how he is dealing with the law firms. Threaten their business and they will cave.
This is the reason for 10% across the board + surcharge. Surcharge is to bully countries. 10% is to try to extract revenues and would not make much impact on inflation. Hence I think surcharge is negotiable.
Now what might happen is exactly that. Countries get bullied and start offering things which are not in their long term interests. If that happens, US Win and other countries lose.
However something different might also happen. Countries see this as a policy and they simply negotiate as much as possible but without giving up things which are not in their long term interest.
For example -: defence contracts to US is absolute NO. But buying American oil is not such a bad thing if we need it anyways.
And last option, countries get tired of this and just team up and play a different game with each other and ignore US. US is only 13% of global trade and cannot run the show. Europe , BRICS , ASIA and rest of LAA are huge markets . All US companies need to be present in growth markets and will need to feel the heat. Fact is US GDP is not enough for US companies. US has a lot of income disparity and most money stays with top 10%. US companies need other markets to remain big and relevant.